The Strategic Dimensions of U.S. Sanctions Against Iran — Aviation and Coercive Diplomacy

These developments demonstrate a transformation in traditional statecraft and the growing use of coercive diplomacy. However, this same infrastructure is now being used to exert pressure through isolation and economic restrictions without resorting to direct military confrontation.

Traditionally, diplomacy has relied on communication, negotiations, economic exchange and people-to-people contact, with civil aviation helping to facilitate these connections between countries.